2025年，加利福尼亚州颁布了一系列新的房地产法律，旨在提高交易透明度、保护租户权益、扩大住房选择以及确保多户住宅的结构安全。这些法律的实施将对房地产行业的各个方面产生深远影响，无论是买卖双方、租户还是物业所有者都需要了解这些变化。
In 2025, California introduced a series of new real estate laws aimed at enhancing transaction transparency, protecting tenant rights, expanding housing options, and ensuring the structural safety of multifamily residences. The implementation of these laws will significantly impact various aspects of the real estate industry, making it essential for buyers, sellers, tenants, and property owners to understand these changes.
买方代理协议（AB 2992）
Buyer Representation Agreements
AB 2992 于2024年9月24日获得加州州长批准，并将于2025年1月1日正式生效。此法案修改了《商业与职业法典》、《民法典》和《民事诉讼法典》中与房地产交易相关的条款，重点是对买方经纪人代表协议进行规范。
AB 2992 was approved by the Governor of California on September 24, 2024, and will take effect on January 1, 2025. This bill amends the Business and Professions Code, the Civil Code, and the Code of Civil Procedure regarding real estate transactions, with a primary focus on regulating Buyer-Broker Representation Agreements.
书面协议（Written Agreements）：
房地产经纪人现在必须与客户签订书面买方经纪人代理协议。协议须详细说明经纪人的报酬、提供的服务、付款条款和合同期限。值得注意的是，协议期限不得超过三个月，也不得包含自动续约条款。
Real estate agents are now required to establish written buyer representation agreements with their clients. These agreements must detail the broker’s compensation, services provided, payment terms, and contract duration. Notably, the agreement’s term cannot exceed three months and must not include automatic renewals.
代理披露（Agency Disclosure）：
经纪人必须在执行协议前提供代理披露表，确保客户了解代理关系的性质。
Agents must provide an Agency Disclosure form before executing the agreement, ensuring clients are informed about the nature of the agency relationship.
佣金可协商（Negotiability of Commissions）：
协议必须包含一项法定通知，说明报酬是可协商的，并非法律固定。
The agreement must include a statutory notice stating that compensation is negotiable and not fixed by law.
租户租金支付信用报告（AB 2747）
Tenant Rent Payment Credit Reporting
AB 2747 于2024年9月19日获得加州州长批准，并将于2025年1月1日正式生效。此法案增加了《民法典》第1954.07条。要求住宅物业的房东为租户提供将其正面的租金支付记录报告给全国消费者信用报告机构的选项。此法案旨在帮助租户建立信用，同时保护其权益，对房东提出合规要求，并提升加州租赁市场的公平性。
AB 2747 was approved by the Governor of California on September 19, 2024, and will take effect on January 1, 2025. This bill adds Section 1954.07 to the Civil Code, requiring landlords of residential properties to offer tenants the option to report their positive rental payment information to nationwide consumer reporting agencies. The bill aims to help tenants build credit, protect their rights, impose compliance obligations on landlords, and enhance fairness in California’s rental market.
正面租金支付信息的定义（Defi nition of Positive Rental Payment Information）
包含内容（Includes）：
租户按时足额支付的租金记录。
Records of tenants’ complete and timely rental payments.
不包含内容（Excludes）：
未按时或未全额支付的租金记录。
Instances where rent was not paid in full or on time.
实施时间（Implementation Dates）
2025年4月1日之后的新租约：房东必须在签订租约时及每年至少一次提供正面租金支付信息报告选项。
截至2025年1月1日的现有租约：房东需在2025年4月1日前提供该选项，并每年至少一次重新提供。
For leases entered into on or after April 1, 2025: Landlords must provide the option for positive rental payment reporting at the time of the lease agreement and at least once annually.
For leases outstanding as of January 1, 2025: Landlords must provide this option by April 1, 2025, and at least once annually thereafter.
租户选择权（Tenant Options）
租户可随时选择报告其正面租金支付信息。租户可随时要求停止报告，但至少6个月内不得重新选择报告。
Tenants may opt in to positive rental payment reporting at any time. Tenants may request to stop reporting at any time, but they cannot re-elect reporting for at least six months after opting out.
费用规定（Fee Regulations）
房东可向租户收取每月不超过10美元或实际成本的费用（以较低者为准）。如果房东未产生实际成本，不得收取任何费用。
Landlords may charge tenants a fee of up to $10 per month or the actual cost of providing the service, whichever is lower. No fee may be charged if the landlord incurs no actual cost.
豁免与例外（Exemptions and Exceptions）
单栋住宅建筑包含15个或以下单元的房东除外，除非其拥有多个物业且为以下之一：
Landlords of residential buildings with 15 or fewer units are exempt unless they own multiple properties and are classified as:
- 房地产投资信托（REIT）。
- 企业法人。
- 至少有一个法人成员的有限责任公司（LLC）。
- 受资助的住房开发项目（Assisted housing developments）不适用此法案。
- A real estate investment trust (REIT).
- A corporation.
- A limited liability company (LLC) with at least one corporate member.
- Assisted housing developments are also exempt.
附属住宅单元（ADU）扩展（SB 1211）
Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) Expansion
SB 1211 于2024年9月19日由加州州长签署通过，并将于2025年1月1日生效。此法案旨在通过放宽附属住宅单元（ADU）的限制，增加多户住宅用地的住房供应，以缓解加州的住房危机。法案通过简化审批流程、扩大ADU的建设范围以及取消某些停车替换要求，为开发更多负担得起的住房提供便利。
SB 1211, signed into law by the Governor of California on September 19, 2024, will take effect on January 1, 2025. This bill aims to address California’s housing crisis by loosening restrictions on accessory dwelling units (ADUs), increasing housing supply on multifamily residential lots. By streamlining approval processes, expanding ADU development, and eliminating certain parking replacement requirements, the bill facilitates the creation of more affordable housing options.
增加的ADU建设数量（Increased ADU Construction Limits）
允许在现有多户住宅用地上建造最多8个独立ADU，前提是这些ADU的数量不得超过现有住宅单元的数量。允许在拟建多户住宅用地上建造最多2个独立ADU。
Permits up to 8 detached ADUs on lots with existing multifamily dwellings, provided the number of ADUs does not exceed the number of existing dwelling units. Allows up to 2 detached ADUs on lots with proposed multifamily dwellings.
停车替换要求的取消（Parking Replacement Prohibition）
如果车库、车棚、覆盖停车结构或未覆盖停车空间在建造ADU时被拆除或转换，则地方政府不得要求替换这些停车位。
Local agencies are prohibited from requiring the replacement of parking spaces (covered or uncovered) that are demolished or converted in conjunction with the construction of ADUs.
外部高架结构检查（AB2579 SB721）
Exterior Elevated Elements Inspections
SB 721，通常被称为“加州阳台检查法”（California Balcony Inspection Law），于2018年通过，针对加州多户住宅建筑中的外部高架结构（如阳台、甲板和楼梯）制定了强制性安全检查要求。该法案旨在通过定期检查和维护，提高建筑结构的安全性，防止类似2015年伯克利阳台坍塌事件的悲剧再次发生。2024年9月28日，加州州长批准了 AB 2579，将初次阳台检查的截止日期延长至2026年1月1日，为房东提供更多时间完成合规工作。
SB 721, colloquially known as the “California Balcony Inspection Law,” was enacted in 2018 to mandate safety inspections for exterior elevated elements (EEEs) such as balconies, decks, and stairways in California’s multifamily residential buildings. The bill aims to enhance structural safety and prevent tragedies like the 2015 Berkeley balcony collapse through regular inspections and maintenance. On September 28, 2024, California’s Governor approved AB 2579, extending the initial balcony inspection deadline to January 1, 2026, giving property owners additional time to comply.
适用范围（Scope and Applicability）
- 适用建筑：涉及带有外部高架结构（EEE）的三户及以上多户住宅，尤其是使用木材或木质材料建造的结构。
- 豁免：共管公寓和共同利益开发项目适用其他法案（如 SB 326），因此豁免此法案。
- Affected Structures: Applies to multifamily residential buildings with three or more units featuring EEEs primarily constructed from wood or wood-based materials.
- Exemptions: Condominiums and common interest developments are generally exempt as they fall under SB 326.
检查要求（Inspection Requirements）
- 初始期限：最初的检查截止日期为2025年1月1日，已通过 AB 2579 延长至2026年1月1日。
- 检查频率：初次检查后每6年需进行一次。
- 抽样检查：每次至少需检查15%的外部高架结构类型。
- Initial Deadline: The initial inspection deadline has been extended from January 1, 2025, to January 1, 2026, through AB 2579.
- Frequency: Inspections are required every six years following the initial assessment.
- Sampling: At least 15% of each type of EEE must be inspected during each cycle.
合格检查员（Qualifi ed Inspectors）
- 必须由持牌专业人员进行检查，包括建筑师、土木或结构工程师、有特定执照和经验的总承包商或认证建筑检查员。
- Inspections must be conducted by licensed professionals, including architects, civil or structural engineers, general contractors with specific licenses and experience, or certified building inspectors.
报告与合规（Reporting and Compliance）
- 报告提交：检查员需在检查后45天内向房东提交详细报告。
- 记录保存：报告需保留至少两个检查周期（12年）。
- 维修：发现的问题必须及时解决，在120天内取得许可证，并在接下来的120天内完成维修。
- Report Submission: Inspectors must provide a detailed report to property owners within 45 days of inspection.
- Record Keeping: Reports must be retained for at least two inspection cycles (12 years).
- Repairs: Identified issues must be addressed promptly, with permits obtained within 120 days and repairs completed within 120 days thereafter.
不合规的处罚（Penalties for Non-Compliance）
- 每天罚款100至500美元，视违规情况而定。
- 长期不合规可能导致安全留置权并影响保险资格。
- Fines ranging from $100 to $500 per day may be imposed for failure to comply with inspection or repair requirements.
- Persistent non-compliance can lead to safety liens and impact insurance eligibility.
住房开发简化（SB 684 和 SB 1123）
Housing Development Streamlining
住房开发简化法案 SB 684 和 SB 1123 旨在通过简化审批流程和扩大住房开发范围，缓解加州的住房危机。这些法案推动多户住宅区和单户住宅区的土地分割和住房开发，鼓励更高效的土地利用和更快的住房供应。
The Housing Development Streamlining Acts, SB 684 and SB 1123, aim to address California’s housing crisis by simplifying approval processes and expanding development opportunities. These bills promote lot subdivision and housing development in multifamily and single-family zones, encouraging more efficient land use and faster housing delivery.
地块分割（Lot Subdivision）
SB 684：
- 允许多户住宅区的地块分割，最多可创建10个新住房单元。
- 使用简化的行政审批流程（ministerial approval），避免繁琐的公共听证会或环境审查要求。
- Permits the subdivision of multifamily lots to create up to 10 new housing units.
- Utilizes a streamlined ministerial approval process, bypassing lengthy public hearings or environmental review requirements.
SB 1123：
- 将地块分割的政策扩展到单户住宅区的空置地块。
- 自2025年7月1日起生效，为空置土地开发提供新的机会。
- Extends lot subdivision policies to vacant lots in single-family zones.
- Effective July 1, 2025, creating new opportunities for vacant land development.
简化审批流程（Streamlined Approval Process）
- 这些法案要求地方政府必须在符合条件的情况下，对分割和开发申请提供行政审批。避免复杂的环境影响报告（EIR），缩短项目审批时间。
- These bills require local governments to provide ministerial approval for subdivision and development applications if conditions are met. Avoids complex Environmental Impact Reports (EIR), reducing project approval timelines.
押金限制（AB 12）
Security Deposit Limitations
AB 12 于2024年由加州州长批准，并将于2024年7月1日生效。这项立法对住宅租赁的押金规定进行了重大调整，旨在通过限制押金额度，减轻租户的经济负担。这一变化特别有助于提高租房的可负担性，并促进加州住房市场的公平性。
AB 12, approved by the Governor in 2024, will take effect on July 1, 2024. This legislation introduces significant changes to security deposit regulations for residential rentals, aiming to reduce tenants’ financial burdens. By capping security deposits, it promotes greater housing affordability and equity in California’s rental market.
押金额度上限（Security Deposit Cap）
房东现在最多只能收取相当于一个月租金的押金，无论房屋是带家具还是不带家具。之前的规定允许不带家具的住宅收取最高两个月租金的押金，带家具的住宅可收取最高三个月租金的押金。
Landlords are now limited to charging a maximum security deposit equivalent to one month’s rent, regardless of whether the property is furnished or unfurnished. Previous regulations allowed up to two months’ rent for unfurnished properties and three months’ rent for furnished properties.
小型房东豁免（Exemptions for Small Landlords）
拥有不超过两处住宅物业（最多四个租赁单元）的个人房东可豁免新规定，仍可收取最高两个月租金
的押金。这些物业需以个人名义、家庭信托或个人有限责任公司（LLC）的形式持有。
Small-scale landlords owning no more than two residential properties (up to four rental units) are exempt
from the new rules and can still require security deposits up to two months’ rent. These properties must
be held as individuals, in a family trust, or in a personal LLC.
宠物押金限制（Pet Deposits）
宠物押金包含在整体押金额度内，房东不能收取超出一个月租金押金的额外宠物押金。
Pet deposits are included within the overall security deposit cap, and landlords cannot charge additional
deposits for pets beyond the one-month rent limit.
预付租金规定（Advance Rent Payments）
房东仍可要求预付首月租金，但不能要求同时预付末月租金与押金。
Landlords can still collect the first month’s rent upfront but are prohibited from requiring advance
payment of the last month’s rent in addition to the security deposit.
免责声明 Disclaimer
本文仅供一般信息参考，不构成法律建议。因法律因地区不同且可能随时变更，本文不应作为处理法律事务的唯一依据。接收本文信息并不建立律师与客户之间的关系。如对本文有任何疑问，请随时致电 909.861.6880 或发送电子邮件至 info@libinlaw.com 联系我们。
This article is for general informational purposes only and is not intended as legal advice. It should not be the sole resource for addressing legal matters, as laws differ by jurisdiction and are subject to change. Receiving this information does not establish an attorney-client relationship. If you have any questions regarding this article, please feel free to reach out to us at 909.861.6880 or info@libinlaw.com.
